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MD PhD | BIOL 3100 Final

Welcome to my meta analysis of the medical schools I am hoping to attend. I need to compile a list of schools to apply to for next year, and preparation on my end will be the best way that I can prepare for that, as I have no idea which schools I am interested in applying to.

Overview

Maps

Here is a description of all the MD/PhD programs offered in the nation. There are 115 schools, and my initial impression is how densely populated the schools are back east. Not a ton of Western options.

Data

Total Admittance

Here is the top 30 Total MD Admittance according to school.

##              short_name admittance_year
## 1               Indiana            1436
## 2              Illinois            1284
## 3           Wayne State            1186
## 4                Drexel            1095
## 5            Washington            1092
## 6      Thomas Jefferson            1082
## 7             Minnesota            1033
## 8               Augusta             969
## 9  Mcgovern Puerto Rico             962
## 10         Case Western             924
## 11   Texas Southwestern             905
## 12               Temple             866
## 13             New York             863
## 14    Texas San Antonio             857
## 15                   KU             846
## 16           Ohio State             830
## 17                Miami             819
## 18           Georgetown             809
## 19                Tufts             809
## 20              Alabama             806
## 21      Albert Einstein             782
## 22                  UNC             779
## 23             Kentucky             778
## 24                  VCU             746
## 25              Rutgers             745
## 26            Rutgers 2             742
## 27           Texas Tech             733
## 28            Creighton             730
## 29                  USC             729
## 30        South Florida             726

This is for medical students overall, not just MD/PhD students. It seems awfully toploaded. This is a good basis to understand where my odds of acceptance may be higher than in others.
Exploring admittance for MD/PhD students is important as well.

MD/PhD Admittance

Here is the top 30 MD/PhD admittance according to school.

##             short_name md_ph_d_year_last_3_years
## 1             Virginia                        35
## 2  Washington St Louis                        25
## 3         Pennsylvania                        25
## 4              Harvard                        22
## 5     Brown University                        20
## 6                 Yale                        19
## 7               U of U                        18
## 8              Cornell                        18
## 9                  NYU                        17
## 10          Vanderbilt                        16
## 11        Northwestern                        15
## 12     Albert Einstein                        15
## 13            Illinois                        14
## 14                UCLA                        14
## 15                Pitt                        13
## 16                 UNC                        13
## 17            Columbia                        13
## 18       Johns Hopkins                        12
## 19   Cal San Francisco                        12
## 20               Emory                        12
## 21            Mt Sinai                        12
## 22                 VCU                        11
## 23            Michigan                        11
## 24              Baylor                        11
## 25             Alabama                        10
## 26            Colorado                        10
## 27          Washington                        10
## 28          Ohio State                        10
## 29       Cal San Diego                        10
## 30                Iowa                         9


Not many students admitted each year across the board. It may be interesting to see the percentage of MD/PhD students admitted versus MD students admitted.

MD vs MD/PhD Admittance %
##             short_name admitpercent
## 1  Washington St Louis     5.580357
## 2             Virginia     5.537975
## 3                 Yale     4.656863
## 4                  NYU     4.156479
## 5         Pennsylvania     3.993610
## 6              Cornell     3.991131
## 7           Vanderbilt     3.911980
## 8               U of U     3.680982
## 9     Brown University     3.294893
## 10             Harvard     3.147353
## 11       Johns Hopkins     2.553191
## 12        Northwestern     2.311248
## 13            Mt Sinai     2.259887
## 14            Columbia     2.253033
## 15                Mayo     2.200489
## 16                Pitt     2.131148
## 17           Rochester     2.054795
## 18               Emory     2.023609
## 19                UCLA     1.941748
## 20       Cal San Diego     1.919386
## 21     Albert Einstein     1.918159
## 22   Cal San Francisco     1.857585
## 23            Stanford     1.832994
## 24              U Conn     1.769912
## 25                 UNC     1.668806
## 26    SUNY Stony Brook     1.651376
## 27             Arizona     1.629328
## 28            Michigan     1.582734
## 29                Duke     1.577909
## 30              Baylor     1.525659


This graph shows us the highest percentage of MD/PhD students per the total of those admitted to medical school. Again, sort of a highest odds, kind of thing.

40 Furthest Distance from Temple
##           short_name distance_to_temple_mi
## 1        Mississippi                   275
## 2       North Dakota                   253
## 3     East Tennessee                   251
## 4     LSU Shreveport                   200
## 5      West Virginia                   198
## 6      South Alabama                   196
## 7               Pitt                   190
## 8           Arkansas                   156
## 9       Case Western                   150
## 10 Northeastern Ohio                   145
## 11       U Wisconsin                   143
## 12          Marshall                   142
## 13      South Dakota                   129
## 14         Dartmouth                   128
## 15          Virginia                   121
## 16               VCU                   121
## 17    South Carolina                   120
## 18          Missouri                   110
## 19       Wake Forest                   107
## 20           Florida                   106
## 21            Albany                    97
## 22     East Carolina                    96
## 23   LSU New Orleans                    95
## 24        Penn State                    95
## 25              Iowa                    94
## 26      SUNY Buffalo                    94
## 27        Cincinnati                    88
## 28           Augusta                    84
## 29            Toledo                    84
## 30              Mayo                    82
## 31         Texas A&M                    76
## 32   Texas Galveston                    76
## 33           Georgia                    75
## 34         Wisconsin                    75
## 35            Tulane                    73
## 36          Kentucky                    72
## 37      SUNY Upstate                    67
## 38      Wright State                    66
## 39          Nebraska                    63
## 40  Brown University                    57


The temple is entirely important to me, so let’s see which medical schools are the furthest from the temple.

60 Closest Distance to Temple
##             short_name distance_to_temple_mi
## 1                 UCLA                   1.2
## 2     Thomas Jefferson                   1.6
## 3        Cal San Diego                   1.8
## 4           Cal Irvine                   2.0
## 5              Cornell                   2.0
## 6         Pennsylvania                   2.2
## 7             Mt Sinai                   2.5
## 8                  NYU                   3.2
## 9               U Conn                   3.6
## 10              Temple                   3.8
## 11              U of U                   3.9
## 12    U South Carolina                   4.8
## 13             Harvard                   5.0
## 14               Tufts                   5.0
## 15           Creighton                   5.0
## 16              Drexel                   6.0
## 17          Texas Tech                   6.2
## 18            Columbia                   6.4
## 19              Nevada                   6.7
## 20             Arizona                   7.0
## 21  Texas Southwestern                   8.5
## 22          Ohio State                   9.0
## 23              Oregon                   9.0
## 24          Georgetown                   9.2
## 25              Howard                   9.3
## 26          Loma Linda                   9.6
## 27       South Florida                   9.8
## 28          New Mexico                  12.0
## 29   Texas San Antonio                  12.0
## 30          Washington                  12.0
## 31      SUNY Downstate                  12.3
## 32            Boston U                  13.0
## 33         KC Missouri                  13.0
## 34               Emory                  13.6
## 35            Colorado                  14.0
## 36 Washington St Louis                  14.0
## 37             Alabama                  15.0
## 38                  KU                  15.0
## 39         Saint Louis                  15.0
## 40                 USC                  16.0
## 41           Rutgers 2                  16.0
## 42   Memphis Tennessee                  16.0
## 43          Louisville                  17.0
## 44           Minnesota                  17.0
## 45     Albert Einstein                  17.0
## 46           Cal Davis                  18.0
## 47           Morehouse                  19.0
## 48         Wayne State                  19.0
## 49          Vanderbilt                  19.0
## 50   Cal San Francisco                  20.0
## 51     Chicago Medical                  20.0
## 52                 UNC                  21.0
## 53             Indiana                  22.0
## 54             Meharry                  22.3
## 55        Northwestern                  24.0
## 56            Oklahoma                  24.0
## 57            Illinois                  25.0
## 58              Loyola                  25.0
## 59                Duke                  25.0
## 60            New York                  27.3


And this shows the ones that are closest to the temple.

40 Lowest Home Prices
##             short_name   home
## 1          Wayne State  66000
## 2          Mississippi  81000
## 3         Case Western 106000
## 4         Wright State 106000
## 5               Toledo 108000
## 6         SUNY Upstate 139000
## 7             Marshall 140000
## 8            Rochester 149000
## 9    Memphis Tennessee 149000
## 10             Augusta 163000
## 11             Georgia 163000
## 12             Alabama 169900
## 13                  KU 171000
## 14         Saint Louis 172000
## 15 Washington St Louis 172000
## 16       South Alabama 175000
## 17           Wisconsin 180000
## 18      LSU Shreveport 185000
## 19            Oklahoma 192000
## 20          Texas Tech 201000
## 21    U South Carolina 206000
## 22        SUNY Buffalo 209000
## 23       Johns Hopkins 210000
## 24            Maryland 210000
## 25             Indiana 217000
## 26            Arkansas 224000
## 27        South Dakota 224000
## 28         KC Missouri 226000
## 29          Louisville 228000
## 30          Cincinnati 229000
## 31              Drexel 230000
## 32              Temple 230000
## 33        Pennsylvania 230000
## 34    Thomas Jefferson 230000
## 35              Loyola 234000
## 36                Pitt 237000
## 37          Ohio State 237000
## 38              Albany 239000
## 39       East Carolina 250000
## 40            Missouri 258000


An interesting part of data, but not one that I think I need to use to make the decision of what schools to apply to. This would be important for a tertiary level of decision making, or even as a means to help decide after being accepted to multiple schools.

40 Highest Home Prices
keeps2 <- c("short_name","home")
temp2 = my_df[keeps2]

top15 <- temp2 %>% 
  arrange(desc(home)) %>% 
  slice(1:40)

top15
##           short_name    home
## 1           Stanford 4047000
## 2      Cal San Diego 2600000
## 3  Cal San Francisco 1300000
## 4         Cal Irvine 1200000
## 5         Washington  984000
## 6                USC  965000
## 7               UCLA  965000
## 8          Dartmouth  912000
## 9          Cal Davis  875000
## 10  SUNY Stony Brook  759000
## 11           Hofstra  759000
## 12          New York  759000
## 13   Albert Einstein  759000
## 14    SUNY Downstate  759000
## 15          Columbia  759000
## 16               NYU  759000
## 17          Mt Sinai  759000
## 18           Cornell  759000
## 19             Tufts  741000
## 20           Harvard  740000
## 21          Boston U  739000
## 22            U of U  625000
## 23            Nevada  624000
## 24            Howard  600000
## 25        Georgetown  600000
## 26            Oregon  600000
## 27               UNC  591000
## 28        Loma Linda  591000
## 29          Colorado  575000
## 30             Miami  494000
## 31    South Carolina  477000
## 32          Michigan  471000
## 33          Virginia  467000
## 34           Rutgers  439000
## 35           Meharry  437000
## 36        Vanderbilt  437000
## 37     South Florida  405000
## 38         Rutgers 2  402000
## 39         Morehouse  390000
## 40             Emory  390000
top15 %>% 
  ggplot(mapping = aes(x = short_name, y = home))+
  geom_point()+
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle=60, hjust=1))


Again, not a decision maker, but something to be mindful of for the future.

1st Analysis

Research vs. Primary Care

##             short_name school_rank
## 1    Cal San Francisco    3.605551
## 2           Washington    9.055385
## 3              Harvard    9.055385
## 4                 Pitt   17.204651
## 5         Pennsylvania   20.880613
## 6                 UCLA   23.021729
## 7                  UNC   25.495098
## 8             Michigan   26.248809
## 9               Baylor   27.202941
## 10            Colorado   27.658633
## 11  Texas Southwestern   29.681644
## 12            Stanford   31.048349
## 13              Oregon   32.249031
## 14            Maryland   32.649655
## 15             Chicago   36.055513
## 16    Brown University   37.696154
## 17       Cal San Diego   37.735925
## 18                Mayo   38.626416
## 19             Alabama   41.231056
## 20         U Wisconsin   42.059482
## 21              U of U   43.011626
## 22           Minnesota   43.104524
## 23          Ohio State   43.863424
## 24                Iowa   44.011362
## 25          Vanderbilt   44.922155
## 26           Rochester   45.221676
## 27            Virginia   46.097722
## 28        Northwestern   46.238512
## 29             Indiana   47.010637
## 30             Cornell   47.127487
## 31               Emory   47.413078
## 32                 NYU   48.041649
## 33               UMASS   48.052055
## 34            Boston U   48.166378
## 35           Cal Davis   51.623638
## 36       Johns Hopkins   52.086467
## 37            Nebraska   53.460266
## 38 Washington St Louis   57.070132
## 39                 USC   59.059292
## 40           Dartmouth   59.203040
## 41   Texas San Antonio   59.203040
## 42             Florida   60.605280
## 43                  KU   64.776539
## 44     Albert Einstein   67.119297
## 45          Cincinnati   67.475922
## 46                Yale   68.731361
## 47               Tufts   71.840100
## 48            Mt Sinai   71.847060
## 49       South Florida   72.470684
## 50   Memphis Tennessee   72.801099

This is an exploration of the data. What I did here was visualize the data in a cartesian coordinate system, with research and primary care rank being on the x and y systems. This helped me visualize how the two relate.


With this, I wanted to see which of the schools was “closest” to 0, as that would be the one that is absolute best. I took the square root of each the research rank squared and primary care rank squared. According to pygathorean theory, this will give the length of the line from “0,0”. The smaller the number, the better the combined ranks.


According to this, Cal San Fran is the best school, according to the combination of research and primary care.

Research and Temple Distance

Ultimately, I love research and I love the temple. I think that these are the two biggest things I hope to consider. Let’s explore the two together, similar to the last one.

This plot explores research rank and distance to the temple, with the closer one is to zero being the better result. I need to run a similar square root assessment as before.

##              short_name temple_research
## 1                   NYU        3.773592
## 2               Harvard        5.099020
## 3          Pennsylvania        6.390618
## 4              Columbia        7.068239
## 5              Mt Sinai       11.280514
## 6               Cornell       14.142136
## 7            Washington       15.000000
## 8   Washington St Louis       17.804494
## 9                  UCLA       19.037857
## 10        Cal San Diego       20.080837
## 11    Cal San Francisco       20.223748
## 12           Vanderbilt       23.021729
## 13                 Duke       25.709920
## 14                Emory       25.864261
## 15   Texas Southwestern       26.405492
## 16         Northwestern       29.410882
## 17             Colorado       30.413813
## 18           Ohio State       31.320920
## 19                  USC       32.249031
## 20                  UNC       32.649655
## 21               Oregon       33.241540
## 22             Boston U       34.539832
## 23               U of U       35.216615
## 24              Alabama       35.341194
## 25             Stanford       35.902646
## 26              Chicago       36.055513
## 27        Johns Hopkins       37.121422
## 28               Baylor       37.202150
## 29      Albert Einstein       40.718546
## 30                 Yale       45.122057
## 31             Maryland       45.453273
## 32            Minnesota       46.238512
## 33              Indiana       46.529560
## 34        South Florida       47.032329
## 35             Michigan       48.104054
## 36    Texas San Antonio       48.507731
## 37            Rochester       50.931326
## 38           Cal Irvine       51.039201
## 39                Miami       51.865210
## 40            Cal Davis       54.083269
## 41     Thomas Jefferson       56.022852
## 42                Tufts       56.222771
## 43           Georgetown       56.750683
## 44                UMASS       61.073726
## 45             Illinois       61.326992
## 46 Mcgovern Puerto Rico       61.400326
## 47               U Conn       62.104428
## 48                   KU       65.734314
## 49     Brown University       66.887966
## 50               Temple       68.106094

Awesome, another analysis down. With this, we can be assured that NYU is the best for research and temple distance.

Research and MCAT Score

I am sure there is, but my next thought was what the correlation looked like between research rank and MCAT score. A simple plot should show this information to me.


Alright, based on that alone, the regression seems super strong. I don’t need much more statistical analysis. This just shows that if I want to go to a high level research university, I have to have a great MCAT score.

Research and Total Admittance

This plot is hard to read. Let’s look at it graphically.

##             short_name admit_research
## 1           Washington       12.83978
## 2              Harvard       14.34106
## 3    Cal San Francisco       15.76790
## 4         Pennsylvania       17.06408
## 5             Columbia       17.58876
## 6                 Duke       20.61628
## 7        Johns Hopkins       21.48705
## 8                 Pitt       21.55794
## 9             Mt Sinai       21.80961
## 10            Stanford       21.88146
## 11            Michigan       22.27170
## 12        Northwestern       22.94376
## 13                UCLA       23.52374
## 14                 NYU       24.53154
## 15 Washington St Louis       24.88466
## 16              Baylor       26.00705
## 17             Cornell       26.22288
## 18        Case Western       26.32730
## 19                Yale       26.47131
## 20  Texas Southwestern       27.33306
## 21          Vanderbilt       27.69109
## 22               Emory       27.71957
## 23       Cal San Diego       27.72010
## 24                 UNC       28.10316
## 25                Mayo       28.17439
## 26            Colorado       30.57519
## 27                 USC       31.17960
## 28          Ohio State       32.32892
## 29            Maryland       33.47595
## 30             Chicago       33.62232
## 31            Virginia       33.91697
## 32             Alabama       34.32102
## 33            Boston U       35.53711
## 34              Oregon       36.11892
## 35    Brown University       38.68343
## 36     Albert Einstein       39.14749
## 37         U Wisconsin       39.55513
## 38              U of U       40.53638
## 39             Florida       40.75789
## 40             Indiana       41.58719
## 41           Rochester       43.47708
## 42           Minnesota       44.07622
## 43                Iowa       44.13605
## 44               Miami       44.69994
## 45          Cincinnati       45.21735
## 46       South Florida       48.01798
## 47   Texas San Antonio       48.42682
## 48               UMASS       49.36087
## 49         Wake Forest       50.16759
## 50           Dartmouth       53.86577

Well cool. Washington has the highest number of admittance versus research rank in the nation.

Research and MD/PhD

Now we copy almost exactly what we studied before, except this time, we are only looking into the number of MD/PhD students admitted versus their MCAT score.


And a table to understand this better:

##              short_name padmit_research
## 1               Harvard        4.654155
## 2                   NYU        6.213057
## 3          Pennsylvania        7.211103
## 4              Columbia        8.256609
## 5         Johns Hopkins        8.856887
## 6     Cal San Francisco        8.856887
## 7                  Yale       11.300479
## 8   Washington St Louis       11.704700
## 9            Washington       13.453624
## 10             Stanford       13.691486
## 11             Mt Sinai       13.800161
## 12                 Duke       13.865425
## 13           Vanderbilt       14.424372
## 14              Cornell       15.062012
## 15                 Pitt       15.974091
## 16                 Mayo       17.873354
## 17         Northwestern       18.260461
## 18             Michigan       19.278087
## 19                 UCLA       20.298286
## 20        Cal San Diego       22.360680
## 21                Emory       23.525400
## 22               Baylor       23.804299
## 23                  UNC       26.156674
## 24             Colorado       28.792360
## 25             Virginia       30.135747
## 26             Maryland       31.579265
## 27           Ohio State       31.622777
## 28              Alabama       33.526109
## 29               Oregon       33.874132
## 30     Brown University       35.355339
## 31               U of U       35.438174
## 32      Albert Einstein       37.595804
## 33            Rochester       38.632328
## 34              Florida       39.054449
## 35                 Iowa       42.478898
## 36              Indiana       43.417527
## 37                  USC       43.532874
## 38           Cincinnati       44.412350
## 39            Minnesota       44.412350
## 40                Miami       45.310944
## 41                UMASS       48.633836
## 42    Texas San Antonio       49.867602
## 43           Cal Irvine       53.654243
## 44     SUNY Stony Brook       54.152163
## 45             Nebraska       55.558778
## 46             Illinois       56.453701
## 47 Mcgovern Puerto Rico       56.648036
## 48       South Carolina       57.378132
## 49            Dartmouth       57.620405
## 50           Georgetown       59.464275

As Harvard is the closest one to zero, it has the highest number of MD/PhD students according to the highest research rank.